Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Undaria is a golden-brown seaweed with a central midrib, divided frond and a fleshy, frilly reproductive structure at the base of the seaweed. These characteristics help differentiate Undaria from native seaweed species. Undaria was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in the early 1980s and has now spread to many parts of the coastline, including Southland. It is known to occur in parts of Stewart Island/Rakiura, Waikawa, in Bluff harbour, and has recently established in Breaksea Sound where it is closely monitored.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Undaria is a winter annual laminarian kelp that first appears in early spring in its native home range. Undaria has a high growth rate with sporophytes reaching maturity in 40 to 50 days with the potential to release up to 700 million zoospores. With its high growth and reproductive output, and the ability to tolerate wide ranging temperatures, substrates and sheltered to exposed conditions Undaria is a hardy invasive species.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Undaria can substantially modify natural habitats impacting on the native ecology of those areas. Invasion can result in an addition to canopy cover, or it can result in dense mono-specific stands of Undaria. These dense stands can reduce the presence and diversity of smaller understorey algal species and out-compete marine macro algae canopy species.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>For the above reasons Undaria is included in the Southland Regional Pest Management Plan.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Lagarosiphon is a rhizomatous perennial freshwater herb. The plant has spiralled leaves on a much-branched stem. The stems can be up to five metres long and form large interwoven mats below the water surface in depths to six and a half metres. It was introduced from southern Africa as an aquarium plant and grows wholly submerged in fresh water ponds, lakes and slow moving streams, with silty or sandy bottom mud.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Lagarosiphon forms vast, deep meadows in still and slow moving water that shade out other species. Large clumps can dislodge, causing blockages in streams and outfalls that lead to flooding. It can restrict recreational activities such as boating and fishing on affected water bodies. Lagarosiphon is known in a small number of small waterways in the lower plains. Initial infestations are thought to have resulted from releasing pet fish into waterways including ‘oxygen weed’. A localised infestation in ponds and oxbows in the Ōreti River eel fishing may be related to eel fishing activities there.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>For these reasons lagarosiphon is included in the Southland Regional Pest Management Plan.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>The reason for Plan Rule 10 is to maintain land that is clear or being cleared of Darwin’s barberry plants from being re-infested. 56 Objective, Principal Measures and Rules and/or occupiers shall, on receipt of a written direction from an Authorised Person, eliminate all Darwin’s barberry infestations on the land they occupy. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>For the purpose of this rule, eliminate means the permanent preclusion of the plant’s ability to set viable seed. A breach of this rule creates an offence under Section 154N (19) of the Act. Environment Southland will have undertaken initial clearance control of Darwin’s barberry plants prior to an owner and/or occupier receiving a written direction from an Authorised Person. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Land occupiers on Stewart Island/Rakiura will be expected to co-operate with any organised control programme* which includes Darwin’s Barberry. If a land occupier does not wish to cooperate with the control programme the land occupier must agree in writing with Environment Southland to carry out the control work themselves. Otherwise, control will be undertaken by Environment Southland. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>*Organised control programmes include those managed by and/or funded by the Department of Conservation.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Fiordland National Park Buffer from the Southland Regional Pest Management Plan.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>An owner or person in charge of a vessel entering the Fiordland Marine Area is subject to rules relevant to Undaria management under the Fiordland Marine Pathway Management Plan 2017.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Vessels must be free of Undaria when they leave the Southern Undaria Exemption Area and the Breaksea Sound Undaria Exemption Area.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>All marine gear and equipment, including but not limited to lobster pots, mooring lines and dive gear, must be free of Undaria when it leaves Southern Undaria Exemption Area and the Breaksea Sound Undaria Exemption Area. All on-board residual seawater collected in the Exemption Area must be treated or discarded within the same exemption area.</SPAN></P><P><A href="https://www.es.govt.nz:443/environment/biosecurity-and-biodiversity/marine-biosecurity/undaria-exemption-areas" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>https://www.es.govt.nz/environment/biosecurity-and-biodiversity/marine-biosecurity/undaria-exemption-areas</SPAN></A></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Mid Dome Wilding Tree Programme Area layer from the Southland Regional Pest Management Plan.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Plan Rule 17 is to ensure that over the duration of the Plan, new infestations, or re-infestation of wilding conifers are prevented at sites where wilding conifers, and/or other planted conifer species have previously been destroyed through publicly funded control operations.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Name: Mountain and Contorta Pine Progressive Containment Area
Display Field: Name
Type: Feature Layer
Geometry Type: esriGeometryPolygon
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Contorta (lodgepole) pine is a small to medium sized pine tree, usually with twisted branches and paired needles. It is monoecious (both female and male parts on the same tree). Trees mature at approximately five years of age, though peak seed production occurs after eight to ten years. The seed cones take 15 months to mature and can contain up to 300,000 seeds/kilogram.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Mountain pine is a small-to-medium sized, multi-stemmed tree with dark brownish-grey bark, which peels in small thin flakes. The foliage is often dense with needle-like leaves occurring in bundles of two. The needles are dark green, rigid and curved. The seeds from both species are very small and light and are capable of spreading long distances with the wind. As a result, wilding offspring of both species are capable of rapid invasion of land with low grazing intensity. This leads to significant impacts on native ecosystems, particularly those with low-stature vegetation. Existing plantings of these two species acts as seed sources for ongoing wilding spread.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>It can be difficult to successfully control or manage the spread of wilding conifers over the long-term if the seed source is not removed or appropriately managed and contained. These two conifers have very limited commercial value. It is therefore appropriate to specify these organisms as pests in their own right.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>For these reasons contorta pine and mountain pine are included in the Southland Regional Pest Management Plan.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Name: Darwin's Barberry Progressive Containment Area
Display Field: Name
Type: Feature Layer
Geometry Type: esriGeometryPolygon
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Darwin’s barberry is an evergreen, spiny,yellow-wooded shrub (less than four metres tall) with woody and densely hairy stems that have tough,five-pronged, needle-sharp spines. Hairless, glossy,dark green leaves (10-30 by 5-15 millimetres) are usually spiny-serrated along edges. Hanging clusters(seven centimetres long) of deep orange-yellow flowers (five to seven millimetres diameter) appear from July to February followed by oval purplish-blackberries (five to seven millimetres diameter) with a bluish-white surface.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>This long-lived plant tolerates moderate to cold temperatures, damp to dry conditions, high wind, salt,shade, damage, grazing (not browsed), and a range of soils. Birds and possibly possums eat the berries and subsequently spread the seeds. Berries are also occasionally spread by soil and water movement.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>It is capable of invading pasture, disturbed forest, shrubland and tussockland, along roadsides and other sparsely vegetated sites. The plant forms dense colonies that replace existing vegetation and prevent the establishment of desirable plants. Darwin’s barberry will also establish under canopy in forest and shrubland. It can grow more rapidly than native species when suitable conditions arise, allowing it to dominate sites where it establishes.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>For these reasons Darwin’s barberry is included in the Southland Regional Pest Management Plant.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Cotoneasters are long-lived shrubs that grow to three to four metres high, producing clusters of small flowers over summer that are white or pinkish in colour. These are followed by clusters of fruit that vary in colour from scarlet to orange-red. They invade a wide range of habitats including forest margins and gaps, coastal areas and roadsides. The plants will out-compete native shrub species, form dense understorey stands and completely prevent other species from growing.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>For these reasons cotoneaster is included in the Southland Regional Pest Management Plan.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Stewart Island/Rakiura incorporates the island, islets and all other offshore islands situated off the coast of mainland Southland. Many of the island’s ecosystems are nationally significant and contain threatened species including southern NZ dotterel, long-tailed bat, 10 endemic vertebrate species and 20 endemic plant species. Stewart Island/Rakiura is also the service port for Ulva Island, and Invercargill City Airport is the major service port for Whenua Hou/Codfish Island, both of which are currently pest free. These two islands, as well as other pest free islands identified within the Stewart Island/Rakiura Site-Led area, such as Bench Island and many of the Rakiura Tītī Islands, are home to rare species such as saddleback and kakapo.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Its isolation from the mainland, relatively small permanent human population and significant natural features enables a wider range of pest species to be managed compared with other areas of Southland. Also, many of the pests targeted for management are not currently found on the islands but can be prevented from invasion from elsewhere in Southland. Others are at low numbers, or where effective control is possible and reinvasion risk is low, may also be eradicated more easily.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>The local community, Department of Conservation, Rakiura Tītī Islands Administering Body, and Predator Free Rakiura are already working on pest management projects on the island. </SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Southland Regional Pest Management Plan Objective 10 is to sustainably control possums in the Southland region to ensure population levels do not exceed 5% Residual Trap Catch or 10% Residual Trap Catch within these areas to minimise any adverse effects on economic and environmental values.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>